The dollar slipped on Thursday, a day after surging to a two-year peak after the Federal Reserve rocked markets by signalling a much slower pace of rate cuts in 2025, while the yen slid after the Bank of Japan (BOJ) stood pat on rates.
Currencies around the world tumbled on Wednesday after the Fed decision boosted the dollar, although many rebounded on Thursday in choppy trading conditions with thin volumes ahead of the holiday period.
The BOJ kept interest rates steady as expected, but the yen fell sharply as Governor Kazuo Ueda gave little away in a post-meeting press conference.
The dollar rose 1.4% against the yen to 157.16, its highest since July.
Investors had been looking out for hints of imminent BOJ tightening, particularly after the Federal Reserve struck a hawkish tone at its meeting a day earlier.
But the governor reiterated that policymakers would need more time to assess incoming economic data and the implications of U.S. President-elect Donald Trump's policies.
"I think the market was anticipating that the furthest they would go today would be a hawkish hold," Jane Foley, head of FX strategy at Rabobank, said.
"But some of the comments Ueda has made could perhaps be interpreted as not being very hawkish. For example that he's waiting to see data on the momentum of wages in the spring wage talks."
In the broader market, the fallout from the Fed continued to ripple across markets after traders heavily dialled back on easing expectations next year.
The dollar index was last down 0.25% after jumping more than 1% on Wednesday to a peak of 108.25.
The euro, which tumbled 1.34% on Wednesday, managed to claw back some losses and was last 0.5% higher at $1.0403.
Foley at Rabobank said the euro was naturally rebounding and volatility was higher due to low holiday trading volumes.
The Bank of England held interest rates at 4.75% as expected on Thursday but the pound fell after three policymakers voted for a cut, surprising investors who had expected only one official to opt for a reduction.
Sterling dipped after the announcement and was last up 0.2% at $1.2598 , having climbed as much as 0.7% earlier in the day after shedding 1.1% in the previous session.
The dollar's rally sent its peers including the Canadian dollar and the South Korean won tumbling, although many currencies found a footing against the greenback on Thursday.
"We think (the) decision marks the start of an extended pause from the FOMC, even if it is a little too early to say this explicitly," Nick Rees, senior FX market analyst at Monex Europe, said.
"An upward adjustment in market expectations should support dollar upside over the coming months."
The Canadian dollar sank to its lowest in more than four years at 1.4466 per U.S. dollar. The won tumbled to its weakest level in 15 years.
Fed Chair Jerome Powell said more reductions in borrowing costs now hinge on further progress in lowering stubbornly high inflation, sending global stocks plunging and bond yields spiking
Policymakers estimated they would be likely to lower borrowing costs by just 50 basis points next year, 50 basis points less than they envisaged in September.
China's onshore yuan finished the domestic session at 7.2992 per dollar, the weakest close since November 2023.
Australia's dollar bottomed at $0.6199, a two-year low, but was last up around 0.5%.
